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来源：彩票宝2024-03-11 17:48

彩票宝

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

咳痰困难怎么办？别硬咳，有人已咳至晕厥、咳出脑卒中******

　　文/羊城晚报记者陈辉通讯员刘庆钧

　　现在有不少老人感染新冠后，喉咙里“呼噜呼噜”，有痰，但就是咳不出来，怎么办？广州中医药大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科詹少锋主任医师提醒咳嗽有技巧，别硬咳，因为在临床上已遇到有老人猛烈咳嗽至晕厥，甚至诱发脑血管意外。

　　詹少锋介绍，新冠病毒感染呼吸道时，呼吸道的黏膜会充血和水肿，还会分泌大量的炎性渗出物。此外，呼吸道的上皮细胞也会脱落，体内的免疫相关细胞也会聚集在炎症的部位，吞噬外来的病毒，这些细胞也会随之发生脱落和坏死，这些物质混合在一起就形成了痰液。

　　“但有了痰要尽量咳出来，可以减轻气道的压力，有助于康复，所以说咳嗽是人体一种保护性反射。”詹少锋说。

　　有不少老人咳痰困难是怎么回事？詹少锋解释，老人呼吸肌相对乏力，加之前期出现发热症状时，体内水分丢失比较多，最近广东天气也比较干燥，都会增加痰的黏稠度，因此较难咳出来。另外有些老人不太会咳嗽，咳嗽像是在清嗓，是无效咳嗽，也难把痰咳出来。

　　“咳不出痰，千万不要硬咳。”詹少锋指出，“在临床上，我们已遇到有老人出现咳嗽性晕厥，这是剧烈的咳嗽导致的短暂缺氧，进而刺激神经引发短暂的晕厥。另外老人多有血管硬化，也就是说血管本身就比较脆，剧烈咳嗽导致血压升高有可能引起血管破裂，进而诱发脑卒中等脑血管意外事件，临床上也已经遇到这样的老年患者。”

　　詹少锋建议，当遇到老人咳痰困难时，可以服用止咳化痰药，帮助痰液稀释，更容易咳出来。另外家中可使用加湿器，增加空气的湿度，也要鼓励老人尽量多喝水，也有助于排痰。老人咳嗽时可以深吸一口气，用力收缩腹部，让咳嗽时增加腹腔压力，可提高咳嗽效率。另外，在老人咳嗽时，家人可以用空心掌帮助其拍背，从背部中心呈放射性向背的周围拍，也有助于痰液的排出。

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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